James FitzJames

James FitzJames, Duke Pertama Berwick, Duke Pertama Liria dan Jérica, Duke Pertama Fitz-James (21 Ogos 1670 – 12 Jun 1734) merupakan seorang pemimpin tentera Perancis-Inggeris, beliau ialah putera tidak sah Raja James II dari England dan Arabella Churchill, saudari Duke Pertama Marlborough. Berwick ialah seorang jeneral yang berjaya menyokong Louis XIV dari Perancis.

Rujukan[sunting | sunting sumber]

Templat:Cite ODNB
Holmes, Richard (2000). Marlborough. London: HarperPress.
Thomson, G. M. (1987). The First Churchill: Life of the Duke of Marlborough. Morrow.
Tucker, Spencer C., penyunting (2015). "James Fitzjames, First Duke of Berwick". 500 Great Military Leaders. I. ABC-CLIO.
Waller, Maureen (2002). Ungrateful Daughters: The Stuart Princesses Who Stole Their Father's Crown. St. Martin's Griffin.
White-Spunner, Sir Barney (2010). Horse Guards. London: Macmillan.
"No. 2224". The London Gazette. 10 March 1686. m/s. 2.

Bacaan lanjut[sunting | sunting sumber]

Cavendish, Richard (April 2007). "The Battle of Almanza". History Today. 57 (4).
Chisholm, Hugh, penyunting (1911). "Berwick, James FitzJames, Duke of" . Encyclopædia Britannica (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 3 (ed. ke-11). Cambridge University Press. m/s. 835–836.
Childs, John (1980). The Army of James II and The Glorious Revolution. Manchester University Press.
Lees-Milne, James (1983). The Last Stuarts. Hogarth Press.
Petrie, Charles (1953). Charles, Duke of Berwick: the picture of an age. Eyre & Spottiswoode.
Petrie, Sir Charles (1953). The Marshal Duke of Berwick: The Picture of an Age. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.
Ryan, Sean (2000). "The Marshal Duke of Berwick (1670–1734)". Wild Geese Heritage Museum and Library.
Stephens, Henry Morse (1889). "Fitzjames, James" . Dalam Stephen, Leslie (penyunting). Dictionary of National Biography. 19. London: Smith, Elder & Co. m/s. 184–185.

Pautan luar[sunting | sunting sumber]

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James, 1st Duke of Berwick Diarkibkan 2019-10-27 di Wayback Machine